Glossary
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α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4 isoxazolepropionate (AMPA)/kainate receptors – Two of three types of ionotropic post-synaptic glutamate receptors. These receptors are similar and are often considered together. Upon binding glutamate, these receptors permit the influx of Na+ ions and results in brain excitation. These are one of the two primary receptors for excitatory neurotransmission in the brain.
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 ,  ,  – Exponents for three-compartment model equation (equivalent to a, b, c)
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-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate – See AMPA.
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-Hydroxy acids – Exfoliating products such as lactic, glycolic, malic, mandelic, and tartaric acid used in cosmetics.
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-Hydroxy acid – Salicylic acid.
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-Aminobutyric acid (GABA A ) receptors – Postsynaptic ionotropic receptors that bind to GABA and result in Cl– influx and neuronal hyperpolarization. GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, and GABAA receptors mediate fast CNS inhibitory neurotransmission.
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-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) – The major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.
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 1, 2, 3 – Exponents for three-compartment-type exponential equation (equivalent to a, b, c; more terms may be added and indexed numerically with subscripts for multiexponential models)
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 0 – Area under the zero moment curve (same as AUC)
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1 – Area under the first moment curve (same as AUMC)
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 – Time interval between doses
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2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate – An intermediate in the Rapoport-Luebering shunt, formed between 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate and 3-phospho-glycerate; an important regulator of the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.
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5--reductase – Enzyme responsible for conversion of testosterone to its active metabolite dihydrotesterone. Two types of this enzyme exist. Type 2 is predominant in prostate cells.
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